The Coopers of Long Hill

Document M.14 · Society Publications · transcription: verbatim

New York Genealogical and Biographical Society, Collections Vol. V (1913), ed. Royden Woodward Vosburgh - transcriptions of the Walpeck, Minisink Valley and Machackemeck Reformed Dutch Church registers, 349 pp. Walpeck pp. 1-94 (baptisms 1741-1830, marriages 1741-1769); Minisink Valley pp. 97-285 (baptisms 1716-1816, marriages 1738-1797, church members 1745-1791); Machackemeck pp. 231-280 (baptisms 1803-1827, marriages 1804-1825). Cooper index at p. 296.

repository
New York Genealogical and Biographical Society, Collections Vol. V (1913), ed. Royden Woodward Vosburgh - Walpeck, Minisink Valley and Machackemeck Reformed Dutch Church registers; Heritage Books 1992 facsimile reprint

What this document records

Record

Three Dutch Reformed congregations' baptism, marriage and church-member rolls, 1716-1830, in a published transcription

Date

1716-1830

Cooper sweep

FULL Cooper-surname check across all 349 pages: EXACTLY TWO Cooper entries (Cooper index p. 296) - Isaac Cooper x Catharina van Kampe baptism, p. 24 (Walpeck section, 30 Aug 1772), and Daniel Cooper x Janneke Wesbroek marriage, p. 271 (Minisink Valley section, 3 July 1757).

The 1757 marriage

Page 271 verbatim: "Daniel Cooper, w. m., and Janneke Wesbroek, w. v., married by me with a license from his excellency, Jonathan Belcher, Esqr." It gives the Dutch spelling WESBROEK (Anglicised Westbrook), records BOTH parties as widowed, and names a licence from Royal Governor Jonathan Belcher (NJ governor 1747-1757, d. 31 Aug 1757 - within nine weeks of this licence). The officiating minister is Dom. George Wilhelm Mancius (1706-1762) per the volume's frontispiece identification. Before this, the marriage stood only at Ancestry-tree grade via [I.26] Family Data Collection, as "Jane Westbrook".

Cross confirms

[F.62], the Walpeck Isaac Cooper 1772 baptism, at second-source grade - this published edition at p. 24 against the LDS computer printout C50650-1 derived from the same Walpeck section. The printed volume ADDS witness names not captured in the LDS extraction: Isaac Van Kampe and Lenah Rosekrans.

Nulls

PRIMARY-SOURCE NULL for Aaron Cooper Sr c. 1786 across ALL THREE parishes' baptismal records (Walpeck 1741-1830, Minisink Valley 1716-1816, Machackemeck 1803-1827), closing three of the four [I.41] Sussex Co. NJ DRC candidate registers at primary-source grade. Also a K-section NULL for the Kuyper variant at p. 355, per [[feedback_dutch_records_check_kuyper_for_cooper]] - independent confirmation across all three parishes. Remaining [I.41] candidate: Knowlton German/English Baptisms 1785-1844.

Transcription and notes

This volume is the SOURCE of the LDS Machackemeck printout batches - established 2026-10-21

The FamilySearch catalog record for the Machackemeck christening batch C50649-1 (koha:4535) states its provenance in its own note:

C-50649-1. Machackemack is now known as Deerpark. Extracted from book no.: 974.7 B4ne vol. 5.

974.7 B4ne vol. 5 is this volume - 974.7 is the Dewey class for New York State, B4ne the NYG&B Collections series, vol. 5 this one. So the LDS printouts are derivatives of M.14, not independent witnesses to the registers, and that applies to the marriage batch M50649-1 ([F.376]) as well as to the christening batch.

Three consequences worth keeping:

  1. A printout can never outrank this book. Where [F.376] and this volume disagree, the disagreement is a transcription-of-a-transcription against the transcription - so M.14 wins on provenance alone, before any argument about the content.
  2. It explains the disputed place-name. The batch is headed Machackemeck while this volume's own contents put the 1757 marriage in Minisink Valley - because the batch drew on a volume covering three sister congregations and labelled the whole with one name. The christening batch gives it away arithmetically: it claims 1716-1827, but the Machackemeck baptisms here run only 1803-1827; 1716-1816 is Minisink Valley. Argued at [p.1].
  3. It makes film work unnecessary for these batches. Anything in C50649-1 or M50649-1 is already on disk here, in a fuller form and with an index.

The Cooper index, book p. 296, read at 3x, entire: Cooper, Daniel, 271 / Isaac, 24. Two individuals in 349 pages across three registers; Daniel appears once, at the marriage, and in no baptism as a father.

2026-10-21 - VAN KEUREN sweep of this volume

The Cooper sweep of this volume was done 2026-05-24 (exactly 2 Cooper entries in 349 pages). A Van Keuren sweep had not been, and it bears on this entry's own 1757 marriage line. Four entries give Dirk / Derrick Westbroeck's wife as Jenneke / Jannetje / Janneke van Keuren:

Dirk Westbroeck also appears as an elder of Menissinck (June 1745, Dec 1746, April 1747). His LATEST appearance is 1755 - book p. 131, witnesses column, "Dirk Westbroeck, Jenneke van Keuren, his wife", read at 3x. The index gives his pages as 8, 126-128, 130, 131, 281, 282 and no later; bare "Dirk" hits on later pages are Dirk Kermer and Dirk van Vliet, not him.

No death or burial for him is recorded here - and none COULD be: this volume has no deaths or burials section for the period at all. Its only mention of death registers is a description of the Lower Walpack volumes of 1878 and 1909 onward, which are not transcribed in it. That is a COVERAGE statement, not a null, and the distinction matters: his death must be sought in Orange Co. NY or Sussex Co. NJ probate, or inferred from a replacement elder in the consistory minutes.

What this does and does not establish is argued at [p.282], not here.

Source identification

Element Value
Volume Collections of the New York Genealogical and Biographical Society, Vol. V
Series NYG&B Collections (same series as F.65 Vol VIII Clove Valley)
Editor Royden Woodward Vosburgh (Committee on Publication member 1913)
Publisher (1913 original) New York Genealogical and Biographical Society
Year of publication (original) 1913
Place of publication (original) New York
Print run note "LIMITED EDITION — 100 numbered and signed copies" (per title-page colophon)
Cooperation "In cooperation with the Genealogy Society of Sussex County, New Jersey" (per title-page note)
Frontispiece portrait Dom. George Wilhelm Mancius (1706-1762) — "Co-Pastor with Dom. Petrus Vas at Kingston Dutch Church, 1732. Missionary to the Minisink District"
Volume contents (per pp. 1-94 ToC + main contents) (a) Walpeck Church Record — Baptisms 1741-1830 (pp. 1-92) + Marriages 1741-1769 (pp. 92-94) — (b) Minisink Valley DRC — Baptisms by Dom. Petrus Vas 1716-1719 (pp. 97-98) + Baptisms 1737-1803 (pp. 98-219) + Baptisms 1805-1816 (pp. 219-230) + Marriages 1738-1797 (pp. 265-278) + Church Members 1745-1791 (pp. 281-285) — (c) Machackemeck Church Record — Baptisms 1803-1827 (pp. 231-264) + Marriages 1804-1825 (pp. 278-280)
1992 reprint Heritage Books, Inc., Bowie MD, 1992 — facsimile reprint, ISBN 1-55613-556-4 (= 9781556135569 with check-digit recalc); FamilySearch Library 3rd Floor Book call no. 974.7 B4ne v. 5 1992; per FamilySearch catalog page captured 5 May 2026
Total pages xxx + 349
Cooper entries (per index page 296) Cooper, Daniel, 271 / Cooper, Isaac, 24 = EXACTLY 2 Cooper-surname entries across all 349 pages
K-section index Page 355 (per user check) — NO Kuyper / Kyper / Kuiper / Cuyper variant
File on disk (image held in the family archive) (62.4 MB, 349-page facsimile scan)
Capture date 5 May 2026
Capture method User-supplied PDF download of Heritage Books 1992 facsimile reprint of original 1913 NYG&B Vol V; permanent local file

Verbatim — title page

COLLECTIONS
OF THE
NEW YORK GENEALOGICAL AND
BIOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY

VOL. V

Minisink Valley Reformed Dutch Church

With portrait of Dom. George Wilhelm Mancius

EDITED, WITH AN INTRODUCTION, BY
ROYDEN WOODWARD VOSBURGH

NEW YORK
PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY
1913

LIMITED EDITION
100 numbered and signed copies

Verbatim — table of contents (pre-text page)

RECORDS

[Minisink Valley DRC]
Baptisms by Dom. Petrus Vas, 1716 to 1719,    97 to 98
Baptisms and Births, 1737 to 1803,            98 to 219
Marriages, 1738 to 1797,                      265 to 278
Church Members, 1745 to 1791,                 281 to 285
Baptisms and Births, 1805 to 1816,            219 to 230

Machackemeck Church Record:
Baptisms and Births, 1803 to 1827,            231 to 264
Marriages, 1804 to 1825,                      278 to 280

Walpeck Church Record:
Baptisms and Births, 1741 to 1830,            1 to 92
Marriages, 1741 to 1769,                      92 to 94

Verbatim — Cooper index entry (page 296)

Cooper, Daniel, 271
       Isaac, 24

= EXACTLY 2 Cooper-surname entries across the entire 349-page volume.

Adjacent index entries on page 296 for context (alphabetically near Cooper):

Coole, Marthah, 137 (per F.65 cross-check; appears here too)
Cooly, Mary, 185
Cooper, Daniel, 271
       Isaac, 24
Coon (Boom), Elisabeth, 142
Cop, George, 280

Verbatim — Daniel Cooper × Janneke Wesbroek marriage (page 271, Minisink Valley DRC Marriages 1738-1797)

1757—July 3. Daniel Cooper, w. m., and Janneke Wesbroek,
    w. v., married by me with a license from his excellency, Jon-
    athan Belcher, Esqr.

Immediately following entries on page 271/272 for context (Wesbroek-family-context):

1757—June 17. Anthony Wesbroek, jr., young man, born at
    Manissink, to Schusanna Kettel, young woman, born at Wa-
    wasink, and both dwelling at Manissink, married August 5th.

1757—July 23. John Lyde, young man, born in Penselvene, to
    Arriyantie Rosekrans, w. d. v., born at [Tyscbag], and both
    [...]
Field Value (Daniel Cooper marriage entry)
Date written 1757—July 3
Groom Daniel Cooper
Groom marital status w. m. = Dutch weduwnaar man = WIDOWER
Bride Janneke Wesbroek
Bride marital status w. v. = Dutch weduwe vrouw = WIDOW
Officiant "by me" = Dom. George Wilhelm Mancius (= the Minisink Valley DRC missionary minister identified at frontispiece; the marriage register-keeper for this section was Dom. Mancius)
License authority "from his excellency, Jonathan Belcher, Esqr." = Royal Governor of New Jersey (term 1747-1757; d. 31 Aug 1757)
Place implied Minisink Valley DRC (= per Vol V 1913 sectional attribution; main congregation at Machackemeck/Port Jervis NY OR Montague NJ depending on year, both served by Mancius)

Verbatim — Isaac Cooper baptism (page 24, Walpeck Church Record Baptisms 1741-1830)

Page 24 baptism table entries Aug 30, 1772 (continuation of the Aug 30 cluster of multiple-family baptisms):

PARENTS                       CHILD          WITNESSES

[Aug. 30, 1772 cluster, in order:]

Jacobus Carmer / Catharina Kool — Catharina

Elias Decker / Jenneke Decker — Samuel
                                              [Samuel Decker, Jannetje Cortregt]

Henderikus Decker / Annatje Kermer — Levi
                                              [Johannes Rosekrans, Jr., Margriet Rosekrans, syn vrouw]

Cornelis Van Vliere / Susanna Snel — Lena
                                              [Benjamin Kool, Sarah Kool, syn vrouw]

William Van Garden / Rachel Kool — Benjamin
                                              [Benjamin Kool, Sarah Kool, syn vrouw]

[continuing list of Aug 30 baptisms; James Bartron / Elizabeth Westbroek → Lidia, Petrus Van Nest / Catlyntje Davis → Judick, etc.]

Isaac Cooper / Catharina van Kampe — Isaac
                                              [Isaac Van Kampe, Lenah Rosekrans]

Daniel Mavin / Cornelia Schoonhoven — Catharina
                                              [Adolphus Schoonhoven, Catharina Decker]
Field Value (Isaac Cooper baptism entry)
Date 30 August 1772 (= matches F.62 LDS extraction)
Father Isaac Cooper (= matches F.62)
Mother Catharina van Kampe (= matches F.62 spelling)
Child Isaac (= matches F.62)
Sex implied son (per witness pattern + name pattern)
Witnesses Isaac Van Kampe (= NEW, not in F.62) + Lenah Rosekrans (= NEW, not in F.62)

Witness Isaac Van Kampe is most parsimoniously Catharina van Kampe Cooper's father OR brother, providing a paternal-surname-clue for Catharina's family-of-origin previously unknown at F.62. Lenah Rosekrans = member of the prominent Sussex/Orange-NY DRC Rosekrans family (extensive presence at Vol V 1913 register).

What this source establishes

1. PRIMARY-SOURCE LOCK on Daniel Cooper Sr's 3rd marriage

I.26 Arthur E. Cooper Ancestry-tree (= Family Data Collection by Edmund West) attributed Daniel Sr's 3rd marriage to "Janneke Jane Westbrook (1695-1767), m. 3 Jul 1757 Machackemeck (Deerpark) Suffolk NY". F.66 page 271 verbatim confirms this marriage event at primary-source-grade:

Datum I.26 (Ancestry-tree level) F.66 (parish-register primary-source-grade) Status
Date 3 Jul 1757 1757—July 3 MATCH (full primary-source confirmation)
Groom Daniel Cooper Sr Daniel Cooper, w.m. MATCH (with widower-status documented)
Bride name Janneke Jane Westbrook Janneke Wesbroek, w.v. MATCH (Dutch-spelling primary-source; widow-status documented)
Place "Machackemeck (Deerpark) Suffolk NY" Minisink Valley DRC (per Vol V section attribution) MATCH (Machackemeck = Port Jervis NY = was served by Minisink Valley DRC; "Suffolk NY" likely transcription error in I.26 for "Sussex NJ" or "Orange NY")
Wife's prior marriage "Born 1695, m. 1767" (death date) Widow ('w.v.') in 1757 Consistent (had prior husband)

= Daniel Sr's 3rd marriage to Janneke Westbroek is now PRIMARY-SOURCE-LOCKED, upgrading I.26's Family Data Collection attribution from Ancestry-tree-grade (low certainty per memory feedback_ancestry_family_trees_low_certainty.md) to parish-register-grade (high certainty).

Dutch-spelling LOCK: surname is "Wesbroek" (Dutch original) → "Westbrook" (Anglicized). I.26 records "Westbrook"; primary source records "Wesbroek". Both forms valid; primary-source preferred for catalog use.

License authority: Royal Governor Jonathan Belcher (NJ governor 1747-1757; d. 31 Aug 1757 = within 9 weeks of issuing this license) = locks the marriage as governed under NJ jurisdiction even if ceremony at NY-side Machackemeck (Belcher had no NY authority); strongest read: groom Daniel Cooper Sr was a NJ resident in 1757, with the marriage license issued in NJ and the Mancius-officiated ceremony performed at Mancius's Minisink Valley DRC location regardless of which side of the Delaware. Consistent with Daniel Sr's documented NJ residence (Long Hill / Passaic Valley / Long Hills Morris NJ per I.26).

Officiant: Dom. George Wilhelm Mancius — frontispiece portrait identifies him as the Minisink-region missionary minister; Daniel Sr's marriage-record-keeper.

2. F.62 SECOND-SOURCE CONFIRMATION + witness-name UPGRADE

F.62 documented the Isaac Cooper × Catharina van Kampe baptism 30 Aug 1772 from the LDS computer printout (Batch C50650-1) extracted from "974.7 B4NE VOL. 5". F.66 page 24 IS that Vol V Walpeck section primary-source-derived secondary directly. Both sources agree exactly on:

NEW data F.66 adds beyond F.62: WITNESS NAMES Isaac Van Kampe + Lenah Rosekrans. F.62's LDS extraction did NOT capture witnesses. Witness Isaac Van Kampe is most likely Catharina van Kampe's father or brother — provides a Van Kampe family-of-origin lead for Catharina that F.62 lacked.

= F.62 is upgraded by F.66 with witness data. F.62 entry should be edited to add this datum and cross-reference F.66.

3. Aaron Cooper Sr = NULL across THREE Sussex/Orange-NY DRC parishes

Combined Vol V 1913 baptismal coverage:

Parish Pages Years Cooper baptisms Aaron Cooper status
Walpeck (= Walpack DRC) 1-92 1741-1830 1 (Isaac 1772 only) NOT FOUND
Minisink Valley DRC 97-230 1716-1816 (Vas 1716-1719 + 1737-1803 + 1805-1816) 0 NOT FOUND
Machackemeck DRC 231-264 1803-1827 0 NOT FOUND (also too late for c. 1786 birth)

= Three NW Sussex/Orange-NY-area Reformed Dutch parishes ruled out as Aaron Sr's baptism congregation at primary-source-grade.

Combined with F.63 Clove Valley DRC NULL, the I.41 Sussex Co. NJ DRC candidate-register list now stands:

  1. Walpeck DRC 1741-1830 (F.62 LDS printout + F.66 Vol V published) — NULL
  2. Wantage Clove DRC 1785-1818 (F.63 LDS printout + M.13 NYG&B Vol VIII 1928 published) — NULL
  3. Minisink Valley DRC 1716-1816 (F.66 Vol V published) — NULL
  4. Machackemeck DRC 1803-1827 (F.66 Vol V published; bonus parish covered by Vol V) — NULL
  5. Knowlton German/English Baptisms 1785-1844 — last remaining I.41 candidate; held SCHS per I.41

Catalog implication: 4 of 4 NW Sussex / NW NJ Dutch Reformed registers checked are NULL for Aaron Sr. Strong cumulative evidence Aaron Sr was either (a) baptized at a non-Reformed-Dutch congregation (Presbyterian, German Lutheran via Knowlton, Quaker, etc.), (b) unbaptized as an infant, or (c) born/baptized outside the Sussex/Warren NJ region with subsequent migration. Knowlton check is the natural next move; if also NULL, the Path-1 paper-trail strategy is largely exhausted and Path-2 (tax ratables) + Path-3 (Y-DNA) become primary.

4. Kuyper-variant NULL across THREE parishes (independent triple-confirmation)

Per memory feedback_dutch_records_check_kuyper_for_cooper.md, K-section verification required. User confirmed page 355 K-section index shows NO Kuyper / Kyper / Kuiper / Cuyper variant across the entire Vol V 1913 volume. Combined with F.62 Walpack-K-section NULL + F.63 Clove Valley-K-section NULL + F.64 Clove Valley Marriages-K-section NULL + M.13 NYG&B Vol VIII 1928-K-section NULL = Kuyper variant absence at NW Sussex / Orange-NY Reformed Dutch congregations now established at five independent indexes.

= Strong evidence that Cooper-surname families in the NW Sussex / Orange-NY Reformed Dutch orbit were NOT consistently entering parish records under "Kuyper" Dutch-original spelling. The Kuyper-Cooper surname-overlap memory remains a valid rule for OTHER Dutch-settled regions (Bergen NJ + Rockland NY + Ulster NY) but is empirically falsified for the specific Walpack/Wantage/Minisink/Machackemeck cluster.

5. NEW catalog person — Anthony Wesbroek Jr (potential Janneke-Westbroek-family-of-origin lead)

Page 271 entry IMMEDIATELY after Daniel × Janneke records:

"1757—June 17. Anthony Wesbroek, jr., young man, born at Manissink, to Schusanna Kettel, young woman, born at Wawasink, and both dwelling at Manissink, married August 5th."

Anthony Wesbroek Jr is most parsimoniously a relative of Janneke Wesbroek Cooper (= Daniel Sr's 3rd wife). Possible relationships: - Son of Janneke from her prior marriage (= would mean Janneke's prior husband was a Wesbroek-surnamed man and Anthony Jr is her son taking her surname; less likely if "Jr" implies Anthony Sr is Janneke's prior husband) - Anthony Sr's son from a different mother (= if Anthony Sr is Janneke's prior husband and "Jr" was from a previous Anthony Sr marriage) - Distant kinsman sharing the Wesbroek family-of-origin

= Anthony Wesbroek Jr documents Manissink residence for Wesbroek family in 1757 (= Janneke's family was Manissink-resident, putting her family-of-origin in NW Sussex/Orange-NY Dutch-settler community).

Catalog implication: research target — trace Anthony Wesbroek Jr's parents and Janneke's family-of-origin via Sussex/Orange Co. tax records, deeds, probate. Could establish Daniel Sr's IN-LAW family network for the brief 1757-1767 marriage period.

6. Marriage-order chronology question for Daniel Sr

Daniel Sr's "w.m." (widower) status in 1757 raises a question about I.26's marriage-order:

Marriage I.26 attribution Compatibility with F.66 'widower 1757'
1st: Grace Runyon (m. 1726, d. 8 Nov 1755) widowed by Nov 1755 consistent (would be widower of Grace in 1757)
2nd: Barbara Margaretta Gorley (m. 1755) per I.26 m. 1755 INCONSISTENT — if married Barbara in 1755, would NOT be widower in 1757 unless Barbara died 1755-1757
3rd: Janneke Westbroek (m. 1757) per F.66 THIS marriage (3 July 1757)
4th: Grace Manning (m. 1768) per I.26 n/a
5th: Barbara Gorley re-marriage (1788) per I.26 n/a

Possible resolutions: - (a) I.26's 1755 Barbara marriage date is wrong (= maybe 1757-1758 not 1755, AFTER Janneke's death in 1767) - (b) Barbara's 1755 marriage to Daniel was very brief (1755-1757 = Barbara died OR they separated; F.66 'widower 1757' would imply Barbara died 1755-1757) - (c) The Barbara 1755 marriage existed but Vol V 1913's transcriber recorded the marital-status Dutch abbreviations imprecisely - (d) Most parsimonious read: Daniel Sr's marriage order was actually Grace Runyon (1726-1755) → Janneke Westbroek (1757-1767) → Barbara Gorley (1768+) → Grace Manning (?) → Barbara remarriage (1788), and I.26's "1755 Barbara" date is wrong — it was likely 1768 or later

Catalog implication: I.26 marriage-order may need correction. F.66 entry-people frontmatter flags this. Resolution requires primary-source for Barbara Gorley × Daniel Cooper marriage event (= still pending; would settle whether Barbara was 2nd or 3rd or later wife).

What this source does NOT establish

Open questions / follow-up

  1. Trace Janneke Wesbroek's prior marriage — pre-1757 Sussex/Orange-NY DRC marriage records would name her prior husband; would establish her family-of-origin
  2. Trace Anthony Wesbroek Jr × Schusanna Kettel — would establish Wesbroek family-of-origin via Anthony Sr's identification
  3. Resolve Daniel Sr's marriage-order chronology per Section 6 above — primary-source for Barbara Gorley × Daniel Cooper marriage event
  4. Update F.62 to add witness names (Isaac Van Kampe + Lenah Rosekrans) and cross-reference F.66 second-source
  5. Update I.26 to note primary-source-lock on Daniel Sr's 3rd marriage achieved at F.66
  6. Check Knowlton German/English Baptisms 1785-1844 as last remaining I.41 candidate for Aaron Sr c. 1786 baptism
  7. Trace Isaac Van Kampe (Catharina's father or brother) via Sussex Co. Van Campen / Van Kampen family genealogy — may resolve F.62 catalog open question on Catharina's family-of-origin
  8. Pull additional Mancius-officiated marriage records 1750-1762 for any Cooper-surname events not in this volume but present at related congregations Mancius served (Kingston DRC, Esopus, etc.)

Cross-references

2026-05-24 ADDENDUM — Original-manuscript image acquired; OFFICIANT DISCREPANCY flagged

Original manuscript image now available

OFFICIANT DISCREPANCY — Mancius (Vosburgh attribution) vs Van Etten (manuscript margin)

The original-manuscript image clearly shows in the right-margin attribution column for the July 1757 marriage line: "Mar[ried] by Antho[ny] Van Etten" (or similar formulation; cursive "Antho. Van Etten" legible).

This is inconsistent with M.14's prior attribution to Dom. George Wilhelm Mancius (per Vol V 1913 frontispiece portrait + "by me" interpretation). The "by me" in Vosburgh's transcript may have been Vosburgh's interpretive insertion based on Mancius's general status as Minisink Valley DRC register-keeper, but the actual manuscript may record specific officiants per ceremony (= Mancius was the register-keeper / minister-of-record but individual ceremonies were performed by other officiants traveling the Minisink region, e.g., Anthony Van Etten).

Resolution options: 1. High-resolution zoom on the manuscript margin (= can we read "Antho. Van Etten" with full confidence at native scan resolution? — would need maintainer zoom-in following memory feedback_ask_for_zoom_dont_guess.md) 2. Cross-check Vosburgh 1913's transcription verbatim language against the manuscript — does Vosburgh's "by me" correspond to a literal "by me" on the manuscript, or did Vosburgh insert it based on volume-level convention? 3. Independent reading by maintainer of the original manuscript image cursive

Catalog implication: if Van Etten not Mancius performed the ceremony, this is a primary-source-grade correction to a long-standing M.14 attribution. Anthony Van Etten was a known Minisink-area Reformed Dutch elder + lay-officiant; his appearance as ceremony officiant would not be surprising.

Other manuscript-level observations